Drug addiction can have various symptoms depending on the drug that is being abused. The majority of addictions begin with social use, or in the case of prescription drugs, low-dose usage. As the drug becomes a habit over time, the frequency and dosage increases to achieve the desired effect.
Eventually, the drug is a necessity to induce feel-good emotions or relieve pain and at this point it is difficult to function normally without it. Stopping the drug can lead to cravings and physical illness (withdrawal symptoms).
Common symptoms and behaviours of drug addiction include:
- The need to take the drug regularly
- Failed attempts to stop taking the drug
- Always having a supply of the drug
- Buying the drug even when finances don't allow it
- Feeling that the drug helps you cope with problems
- Anti-social or risky behaviour while under the influence of the drug
- Focusing too much time and energy on acquiring and using the drug
For teenagers, there are a number of indications that may suggest drug use. These include:
- Poor school performance or skipping classes
- Lack of energy and motivation
- Loss of interest in their appearance
- Behavioural changes
- Money problems (stealing or requesting extra money)
There are particular signs that someone is abusing a drug and these will depend on the type of drug being used.
In the case of cannabis abuse, the signs of dependence can include:
- Memory deterioration
- Red eyes
- Increased blood pressure
- Lack of concentration
- Increased appetite
- Poor reactions
- Paranoia
Prescription drug addiction is commonly caused by drugs used for anxiety known as benzodiazepines or opiate painkillers.
Common benzodiazepines, or tranquillisers, include diazepam (valium), alprazolam (xanax), lorazepam (ativan) and clonazepam.
Signs of dependence include:
- Drowsiness
- Poor coordination
- Impaired memory
- Confusion
- Dizziness
- Slurred speech
- Low blood pressure
Narcotic painkillers, known as 'opioids' include codeine, heroin, morphine and oxycodone. Symptoms and signs include:
- Pain reduction
- Sedation
- Depression
- Confusion
- Constipation
- Slowed breathing
- Needle marks (if injecting the drug)
Illegal drug addiction commonly involves amphetamines (ecstasy, speed), methamphetamine ('meth') and methylphenidate (ritalin).
Common signs of abuse and addiction include:
- Loss of appetite
- Feeling euphoric
- Speed talking
- Restlessness
- Low mood (during 'comedown' from the drug)
- Sleeping difficulty
- Weight loss
- Increased heart rate
- High temperature
- Paranoia
- Nasal problems (congestion, bleeding) from snorting drugs
Drugs called 'hallucinogens' such as LSD and PCP have very distinct symptoms and signs. Signs of LSD usage include:
- Hallucinations
- Increased heart rate
- High blood pressure
- Altered sense of reality (hearing, vision)
- Flashbacks
- Shakes or tremors
Signs of PCP use include:
- Hallucinations
- Euphoria
- Panic
- Aggressive behaviour
- Depression
- Loss of appetite
Inhaling substances such as glue, paint thinners and petrol causes intoxication and a loss of inhibitions but the long-term effects can lead to brain, kidney and liver damage. In some cases, inhaling these substances can be fatal.
